The most recent round of downgrades to European sovereigns by Standard & Poor's (S&P) – most significantly affecting the ratings of Austria and France – has caused A$2.45 billion (US$2.54 billion) of supranational, sovereign and agency (SSA) Kangaroo paper to lose its AAA status. The second largest Kangaroo borrower, European Investment Bank (EIB), has maintained its top S&P rating albeit with negative outlook.